Chromosomal architecture underpins the classification and evolutionary interpretation of plant diversity. Karyotype variation, encompassing changes in chromosome number, size and structure, arises ...

Advancements in genome sequencing have challenged the long-standing belief that the position of the centromere in the chromosome is fixed. Researchers from Okayama University, Japan, have analyzed ...

Developing elite fruit cultivars typically requires long breeding cycles, especially in perennial woody species. This study uncovers how sexual reproduction of a fertile triploid loquat generates a ...

How do living things evolve? What is the myriad of processes by which generic variations in a population affect organisms' survival and allow reproduction in an ever-changing environment? Why do these ...

An appraisal. Basic tenets of cytogenetics -- The architecture of the chromosome. Viral chromosomes ; The chromosomes of protocells ; Episomes ; The chromosomes of eucells ; Euchromatin and ...

The 23 rd chromosome base pair contains what are known as our sex chromosomes. For most females, this pair contains two X chromosomes, while for most males, it contains one X chromosome and one Y ...

Understanding the material basis of adaptive evolution has been a central goal in biology dating back to at least the time of Darwin. One focus of current debates is whether adaptive evolution relies ...

A 3D graphic showing an artist's interpretation of human X and Y chromosomes. On the left are blue bundles of genetic material making an X shape and on the right blue bundles of genetic material ...

Sex chromosomes are chromosomes, or packages of DNA, that are found inside the nucleus of all of your cells. There are two different kinds: X and Y, which determine whether you’re biologically male ...