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Disease can arise both when immune cells are too active and when they're not active enough. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. For ...

Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi won the Nobel Prize in medicine on Monday for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance. Brunkow, 64, is a senior program manager ...

How does the same infection, say the flu or a cold, give some people mild symptoms and leave others suffering? Why do people develop autoimmune diseases? And will we ever be able to predict when—and ...

Find out how different vaccines for the coronavirus cause your body to create antibodies that fight the virus.

1. As environments become more complex and interconnected, modularity becomes essential. Living systems reduce risk by compartmentalizing—organs, tissues, and cells can fail without killing the ...