Out-of-step protection is a critical component of modern power system protection schemes—its importance has grown significantly with the increasing penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) and ...

A motor protection relay safeguards electric motors by detecting thermal stress, phase imbalance, stall, and abnormal ...

Duke Energy is evaluating the use of a point to point digital secondary system to reduce the amount of copper utilized in traditional substation protection designs. Table I below, lists various ...

A transformer protection relay does not replace upstream devices. It defines responsibility. By clearly assigning fault ...