Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is usually discovered early in life. Sometimes, a very small PDA may go unnoticed. They may be discovered during a routine doctor’s examination. An infant or an adult ...

Not all heart murmurs in dogs indicate a serious problem. Some are completely harmless or benign. Credit: Braastad family photo So, your veterinarian tells you during a wellness exam that your dog has ...

My veterinarian says my new puppy has a heart murmur called a PDA. Is this serious? What is the prognosis and how is it treated? PDA stands for patent ductus arteriosus. This occurs where a fetal ...

SHOULD closure of a patent ductus arteriosus with reversal of flow be attempted? If so, how can the high surgical mortality hitherto reported 1–3 be reduced? An attempt is made to answer these ...