Chromosomes have to be organized into three-dimensional structures from loose tangles, through a process called loop extrusion. It had been proposed that a protein complex named cohesin was probably ...

Entropic forces have been argued to drive bacterial chromosome segregation during replication. In many bacterial species, however, specifically evolved mechanisms, such as loop-extruding SMC complexes ...

A human cell carries in its nucleus two meters of spiraling DNA, split up among the 46 slender, double-helical molecules that are its chromosomes. Most of the time, that DNA looks like a tangled ball ...

Chromatin folds into dynamic loops that often span hundreds of kilobases and physically wire distant loci together for gene regulation. These loops are continuously created, extended and positioned by ...

Ganji M et al., and Fudenberg G et al., postulated that the SMC family of ATPases, such as condensin and cohesion, extrude DNA into large loops. Energy from ATP hydrolysis helps the SMC proteins to ...