When elementary school students in her district struggle in math, Elizabeth Abel wants to get them support as soon as possible. That’s because addressing students’ gaps in kindergarten, 1st, and 2nd ...

We have yet to see any rebound in middle school math on the nation’s report card, where scores declined by 8 points from 2019 to 2022 and remained at that low point when kids last took NAEP in 2024.

Teachers can use these tools to promote discussions and help students move from concrete to abstract understanding of concepts.