Ecology and Society, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Dec 2004) (18 pages) ABSTRACT. Ecologists have long recognized that some species, by virtue of the key roles they play in the overall structure and functioning of ...
More than 50 years after Bob Paine’s experiment with starfish, hundreds of species have been pronounced “keystones” in their ecosystems. Has the powerful metaphor lost its mathematical meaning? Anne ...