The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico uses a system of property taxation evolved from the 1893 Ley Hipotecaria mortgage law of the Spanish Colonial period. Based on 19th century agrarian economics, sugar ...

No audio available for this content. This newsletter will focus on the California Spatial Reference Center (CSRC) and the Geodetic Program at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). CSRC, founded ...

The initiative involves setting up precise reference points—known as geodetic control points—that are vital for accurate surveying, mapping, and planning. These fixed markers will serve as the ...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) project started 50 years ago, in 1973. I was fortunate to be part of incorporating GPS into the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) when I worked for the ...